Every paper we have covered
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- A five-part hospital program made frail elderly heart patients stronger and less frail after one year.
- Eating a healthy diet, in general, was linked to slower biological aging in DNA.
- Ocean carbon material holds locked-in water that keeps it from breaking down easily.
- A cascade electric process makes glycolic acid from ethylene and oxygen with 62.9% energy efficiency.
- A giant hydrogen gas cloud sits far from a known galaxy cluster, not inside it.
- Detailed pump pictures show how a fungus drug-resistant germ pumps drugs out of itself.
- In lab films, rapid cold-to-hot cycling made a common material store far more electrical energy.
- Matching human and AI personalities changed ad quality, clicks, and cost.
- In a lab crystal, magnetic waves formed two joined collective states at once, not just one.
- A bacterial pump expels the antibiotic fosfomycin, helping bacteria survive treatment.
- A new blood test spots infections and picks working drugs in 7 to 17 hours.
- Woven paper folds combine flat folding, stiff folding, and twisting motion in one design.
- A lead-free light-emitting material now shines with 21.2% efficiency and lasts over 920 hours.
- A virus-like coat gene has stuck with jumping genes since before animals split into major groups.
- Galápagos coral records show El Niño swings have grown far stronger than natural variability alone.
- In mice, low-dose carbon ion radiation sparked stronger tumor immunity than a much higher x-ray dose.
- In mice, a brain arousal center directly controls heart rate rhythms during sleep tied to memory.
- 1 in 5 women with a common hormone disorder had pain linked to it.
- A computer model guesses wildfire causes, human or lightning, with 94.2% accuracy.
- Ancient seafloor vents lacked the strong chemical gradients needed to power the first life.
- Warm climate birds decline after deforestation, but cool climate birds often do not.
- In lab water, mild pressure alone triggered chemical reactions that turned carbon dioxide into methane gas.
- A computer method cut disagreement between physics experiments by up to 6 times.
- A new atom simulation method matches top tools while using simpler, more natural math.
- In a computer model, the cerebellum can gather evidence over time and steady decisions.
- A new formula sets the smallest message size needed to preserve logical conclusions, not just raw content.
- A pulsar's light stayed steady through four spin-up glitches, unlike some similar stars.
- Big swings in deep water flow near the Labrador Sea mostly cancel each other out.
- A sensor glove measures tissue hardness and shape at once, in under half a second.
- Gut cells keep dying in a damaging chain reaction, even during medical remission.
- An eye scan predicted age within 2.85 years and flagged disease risk differently in men and women.
- Patterns across connected brain regions, not just single spots, predict memory accuracy.
- Long-lived bats evolved gene changes that fight viruses and may also block cancer and ageing.
- Teams of ocean bacteria fully break down tough algae sugars that single microbes cannot handle alone.
- Charged water drops can break protective coatings and cause metal to rust.
- Entropy and disorder may depend on what an observer chooses to measure.
- Humans predict words better than AI models, and voice tone boosts both humans and AI.
- Classroom friendship patterns predict student well-being and grades better than family background alone.
- A rare particle breakup was seen for the first time, confirming a strange particle's hidden double nature.
- A dead star's leftover core lit up in radio waves years after it exploded.
- Light can be tuned to build two different rigid ring shapes from one starting material.
- Gut disease shares the strongest genetic link with depression among four illness types studied.
- After diabetes starts, men get heart and kidney disease more, women get mental health problems more.
- In a lab test, electricity made droplets form, move, and dissolve nonstop without producing waste.
- In single-celled sea creatures, an eye-like part lost its food-making tool but may still sense light.
- About 63% of river fish will face more lasting heat barriers under high pollution levels.
- Stillbirth and newborn death rates fell over time, but poorer families still face higher risks.
- Cause-and-effect wording in social science studies tripled from 2000 to 2024, even without proof of causation.
- A bacterial DNA-cutting tool's exact shape reveals how it grabs and inserts new DNA.
- In a lab, atoms near a tipping point predicted future data values more accurately.
- A broken cleanup system lets cell "power plant" signals trigger false virus alarms and inflammation.
- Warmer water did not hurt baby tuna. They grew faster after switching food sources.
- Small ankle muscles power a bigger share of human walking than scientists thought.
- In a computer model, random noise alone explains how solar quiet spells start and stop.
- A heat-to-electricity material aged on its own after two years in sealed, room-temperature storage.
- Ocean heat storage and ice sheet growth explain Earth's ancient energy imbalance, over 150,000 years.
- A pooling method cuts needed lab tests by 60 to 93 percent across several experiment types.
- In frozen cell samples, a 3 degree tilt step gave the sharpest 3D images with the least wasted effort.
- One wrong letter in a target RNA freezes a gene-cutting tool without stopping it from grabbing on.
- In mice, a pill blocked fat production and burned more energy to fight obesity.
- Grocery swap suggestions made online shopping carts healthier or lower carbon, depending on the suggestion type.
- In a model, tropical American and south China primates face the highest future climate risk.
- In worms, many different long-life tricks turn on the same set of genes.
- In lab-grown human brain cells and mice, restless energy factories inside brain cells destabilize signals linked to bipolar disorder.
- Soft gel particles stretched sound-driven water jets up to 44% longer before breaking.
- Stronger daily activity rhythms linked to lower odds of faster biological aging.
- AI sharpens blurry ground telescope galaxy photos to near space telescope quality.
- Aging tests based on DNA marks react most strongly to drugs and lifestyle changes.
- Ancient gene duplications, before grasses existed, built the chemical tools that made grasses special.
- In a model, a new noise filter lets a detector spot the sun's neutrino switch within 10 years.
- New computer models can estimate local populations without a full national census.
- In lab cells, losing one shielding protein let hidden RNA set off inflammation.
- A scientist's career shows how crop gene maps led to studying why tubers evolved many times.
- In mice, two brain proteins build separate circuits that control different behaviors.
- In lab tests, a porous liquid turned carbon dioxide into ethanol using light.
- In mice, a cholesterol-making protein secretly drives harmful immune cells that fuel autoimmune disease.
- In worms and mice, a bacterial protein boosted energy use and health without shortening lifespan.
- Solar Orbiter measured particle levels ten times higher despite a worse direct path to the eruption.
- Past slow slip events, not yearly water cycles, control when new ones start in Cascadia.
- Internet fiber-optic cables under bridges can double as structural safety sensors.
- Four related enzymes each target different, specific spots on proteins to change them.
- In mice, skull bone holds immune hubs that watch over the brain and fight tumors.
- A tribute article honors botanist Peter Raven's decades of research and conservation leadership.
- In flies, a growing parasite form skips a resting stage and still spreads through the whole insect.
- A laser mapped four hiding spots for radioactive thorium atoms inside a crystal.
- One rice gene variant grows plants faster and produces more grain at once.
- High pressure builds ultra-thin copper wires just one atom wide, over a millionth of a meter long.
- In a lab crystal, swirling atom motion made heat conduction extremely low, just 0.08 watts per meter-kelvin.
- Sweat vapor can block its own cooling power in hot, dry, still air.
- One math model explains three different turbulence patterns seen in pipe flow experiments.
- Certain gut bacteria in lung tumors boost a warning signal that activates immune cells.
- A muscle-made substance called BAIBA helps control muscle strength and exercise ability in mice.
- Rivers overflow their banks at very different rates depending on climate, not every two years.
- Non-communicable diseases got only 2.5% of health aid despite causing 59.5% of lost healthy years worldwide.
- In mice, slow nasal airflow calms anxiety by activating a specific brain pathway.
- In worms, each host species blocks a virus in a different way, stopping it from spreading.
- A reusable molecule attaches ring-shaped chemical groups to ketones with pinpoint accuracy.
- Mountain plant shifts toward warmth match regional warming, but not at individual plot level.
- Four related cell repair proteins have different jobs, not just backup copies of each other.
- Focusing on a skin reaction shrank immune responses by about 1.5 times compared to distraction.
- A new catalog measures heat, gravity, and chemistry for over 24,000 stars using computer models.
- A missing nuclear measurement finally explains excess rare metal found in ancient star dust.
- Adults with severe intellectual disability died at a median age of 57.9 years, 24 years earlier than the general public.
- In zebrafish, a mitochondria-protecting drug raised survival and eased liver damage from a rare genetic disease.
- In mice, fear, food value, and social rank together steer fast survival decisions.
- In animals, fat bubbles carried genetic instructions across the brain's protective barrier into brain cells.
- In mouse cells, two different viruses build very different stress granules during infection.
- In lab-grown human fetal brain tissue, an immune signal sped up brain growth and caused early folding.
- In lab-grown cells, tiny shared channels between cells calm down wild electrical noise in each cell.
- In computer simulations, a new AI method predicts cracks more accurately using fewer data points.
- In a computer model, glycerol crosses a human cell tunnel very slowly, taking microseconds to pass through.
- A rare particle breakdown was spotted for the first time, matching physics theory predictions.
- Young black hole systems almost never produce detectable gamma rays, a sky search shows.
- Nitrogen use explains more of a country's progress on global goals than climate or wealth does.
- A common science claim of "no difference" often just means the test was not sensitive enough.
- In human cells, a protein called CDT1 helps stalled DNA copying machines safely reverse course.
- A locking coating made perovskite solar cells hit 26.76% efficiency and resist heat and light damage.
- In computer models, a brain-like rule helped robot swarms agree faster, even with biased robots.
- Fertility treatment raised stroke related risk by 44% but not other heart disease risks.
- In lab tests, two added chemicals let lithium batteries survive thousands of fast charge cycles.
- Ocean plastic grows a distinct community of ancient microbes not found in nearby seawater.
- A baby's gut bacteria come mainly from its mother's gut, not birth or milk.
- In climate models, fixing a rainfall error made simulated Pacific warming look more like the real ocean.
- Monsoon winds carry ground pollution high into the sky, sparking new tiny particles there.
- Two closely related fish species use totally different decision styles, even with identical senses and goals.
- In a lab material, magnetic swirls moved smoothly together at high current, with no wobble.
- A single computer model explains how eyes move during reading to save effort.
- In simulations, bursts of star formation push carbon gas far outside young galaxies, creating glowing halos.
- In mini brains grown in dishes, key brain stem cells skip the strict timing seen in real embryos.
- In bacteria, a DNA cutting and pasting tool works better at inserting DNA than removing it.
- In mice, two gene switches normally curb harmful immune cells but fail inside inflamed brain tissue.
- In lab tests, a key deep-Earth mineral holds almost no water, less than 70 parts per million.
- Ancient inner ear shapes show deep local ancestry and a big population shift with farming.
- In lab experiments, one artificial genetic letter got copied much more easily than its designed partner.
- In sun images, a new AI model estimates coronal temperature fast and reports its own confidence.
- In rodents, a tiny protein cage vaccine protected against two deadly Ebola virus types.
- People automatically assign value to useless details, hurting their choices even when warned.
- A new tool predicts flood clusters across many river sites for the next 1 to 10 years.
- In yeast cells, a brief protein tag lets scientists track single nuclear pores over time.
- Liraglutide lowers a key water balancing hormone in healthy people and changes related proteins in rats.
- Bengalese finch songs have word-like chunks that follow the same pattern as human language.
- Fruit and honey sugars, not just meat, may have fueled brain growth in early human ancestors.
- In lab tests, a copper based material separated two hydrogen gas types 20 times better than usual.
- In plants, extra fat droplets in cells cut virus levels without slowing growth.
- In mice and monkeys, a new gene tool skipped broken gene sections better than older versions.
- YouTube videos told sharply divided stories, but comments below them were much less divided.
- A short workout or a nap each boosted memory by 22% after a sleepless night.
- Ash coatings on old lava show volcanoes can quietly spew ash for months during lava flows.
- In lab tests, a new coating pushed solar cell efficiency to 27.59 percent.
- Joining social media before grade 9 lowered later test scores in Italian, English and math.
- Popular AI chatbots often gave risky responses to simulated users with mental health struggles.
- A new blood test tracks physical changes in immune cells linked to clogged arteries.
- In distant galaxy cores, radio light and gamma ray light rise together, hinting at a shared source.
- Word prediction models explain first-glance reading trouble but not why people reread confusing sentences.
- A new three-part system sorts how animals and insect colonies evolved from smaller cooperating parts.
- A quantum system's lowest energy state can look just as scrambled as boiling hot matter.
- Dining out cut social isolation by 47.3% compared to staying in home neighborhoods.
- Siberian methane emissions grew 12 teragrams from 2010 to 2023, driven by fires and wet soil.
- A DNA folding map in human immune cells links gut disease risk genes to specific gene switches.
- In mice, fixing shrunken cell antennas in the brain's fear center eased stress behaviors.
- In a computer model, life on other planets could photosynthesize much farther from their star than Earth's plants can.
- A diluted battery liquid cut zinc battery idle power loss by more than ten times.
- A single psilocybin dose cut depression scores far more than a placebo in hard to treat depression.
- In lab tests, a catalyst material breaks down step by step before reaching its final form.
- People give fast robots more personal space than people, but crowding shrinks that gap.
- Tree rings show the worst grassland decline in 400 years hit right as a nomadic empire fell.
- In human cells, removing an RNA cleanup protein changed how DNA loops connect genes to their switches.
- In mice, a potassium-based particle blocked harmful immune cell death and eased severe lung injury.
- In lab-grown brain tissue, immune cells survived over 6 months and showed Alzheimer's warning signs.
- Life faced more stress exactly when Earth's climate switched between five stable long term states.
- Ancient grains grew bigger from wetter soil, not from early farmers picking large seeds.
- In one solar eruption, a spacecraft filmed a magnetic rope slowly detaching from the sun.
- A detector measured leftover neutrino particles still coming from a shut down nuclear reactor.
- In lab tests, redesigned fungus-fighting drugs worked better and harmed cells less.
- Clustered Arctic storms melt sea ice twice as much and 2.5 times longer than single storms.
- In fruit flies, the fluid thickness inside gut cells changes with how much protein they eat.
- Babies who ate less sugar during rationing had far lower cancer rates as adults.
- In mice, custom bacteria mixes blocked a lung germ by competing for the same space.
- Fat filled immune cells inside liver tumors help cancer resist a common immunotherapy drug.
- Counting mutated gene copies, not just their presence, predicts cancer survival and spread patterns.
- Parents pay 60% more for teen AI tools when they think peers already use them.
- Air and river heatwaves now strike together nearly three times more often than in the 1980s.
- Giant African herbivores declined mainly because new species stopped forming, not from faster dying out.
- People decide by checking if their current choice is still good enough, not by comparing all options.
- In lab experiments, a cell pump held its fuel molecule for about 300 milliseconds, longer than expected.
- In mice, boosting one brain cell type stopped seizures and fixed social problems together.
- In simulations, a new method predicted magnetic metal behavior more accurately than older models.
- In yeast, a modified energy sensor kept aging cells fit instead of declining.
- Two neighboring supernova remnants, not a mystery object, produce a puzzling burst of gamma rays.
- In lab whiteflies, one cell protein controls both insecticide resistance and egg production.
- In mice and rats, helper proteins limit how much a stretched muscle grows longer.
- Blocking antibodies in myasthenia gravis patients raised the risk of severe COVID pneumonia up to 12 times.
- One photo of a drop breaking apart can reveal a liquid's thickness and stickiness.
- Only adults used broad memory context to guide choices; kids used single memories at every age.
- Warming raised malaria in some African regions and lowered it in others, nearly balancing out overall.
- A crop-eating mite uses 64 copies of one protein to block a plant's chemical defense.
- In a simulated universe, star forming galaxies drift inward, throwing off growth rate measurements.
- A blood thinner helped more migraine patients with a heart hole than a standard migraine drug did.
- In lab tests, a silver catalyst turned nitrobenzene into a target chemical with 99.6% accuracy.
- In mice, removing one gene switch in immune cells made them more vulnerable to a gut infection.
- Invasive species do more damage in poorer nations, not richer ones as long assumed.
- The grab point on human centromeres mutates far faster than the rest of the region, up to 20 times more.
- Most carbon from Canada's record 2023 wildfires rose from soil, not burning trees.
- One lab-made reactive fragment performed almost every classic carbon-building reaction under the same mild conditions.
- In a lab experiment, a moving focus point that beats normal light speed limits made controllable terahertz light bursts.
- In mice, a chemical tag on a kidney salt channel is required to stop the body losing too much salt.
- In mice, an antibody treatment for tumors fails without a working internal immune sensor.
- Warming is releasing trapped mercury, making Antarctic waters a growing mercury hotspot.
- In spotted hyenas, inherited social rank made females more unequal in reproductive success than males.
- A new blood test method found over 1,200 new gene-protein links in South Asian volunteers.
- Mercury has its own belt of trapped, energetic electrons that can survive for days.
- In lab-grown cell sheets, stretching makes fiber networks clump and squeeze the nucleus out of its cage.
- Muscle and exercise changes in long COVID and chronic fatigue patients do not match those caused by lying in bed for weeks.
- Ancient flooded river valleys left hidden salty groundwater under more than 10,000 square kilometers of coastal Louisiana.
- In monkeys, two separate brain systems adjust on their own to help flexible decisions, without depending on each other.
- In computer simulations, uneven water spacing pushed a wet proton between two known shapes.
- In lab tests, recycled plastic cracked sooner and failed faster than new plastic under stress and chemicals.
- Free-living bacteria, not plant partners, were the first to fix nitrogen from the air.
- Industrial chicken farming raised chicken-to-wild-bird germ jumps by about 100-fold since 1900.
- Giving a drug within 12 hours cut serious kidney damage or death by about one third.
- After a typhoon, rivers clogged with landslide debris flooded 44% more land than before.
- Fast, not slow, nerve fibers drive the quick pull-away reflex from sharp pain.
- In a computer model, a painting's subject matches its art era better than its colors do.
- In a nearby galaxy, star clusters near giant bubbles form fewer heavy stars than clusters in spiral arms.
- A ceramic foam kept its strength and shape above 2000 Kelvin in air.
- A new mapping method finds hidden stable and unstable shapes in connected springy systems.
- A computer model built from quantum physics predicted how liquids act when squeezed into tiny spaces.
- Eight copies of a bacterial enzyme must join into a ring to fight off viruses.
- In lab tests, a tiny metal additive stopped water from breaking down a heat-to-electricity material.
- In mice, a new chemical hook locked onto target proteins without grabbing the wrong ones.
- The sun's 11 year activity cycle changes how much deep ocean water forms in the North Pacific.
- A DNA study found 11 gene locations linked to borderline personality disorder.
- In lab tests, a shell around iron specks made cheap magnesium resist rust like pure magnesium.
- In mice, a habit related brain area replayed a learned skill without the hippocampus.
- In mouse embryos, distinct heart regions stretch in separate patterns as a simple tube becomes a curved chamber.
- In mice, brain fiber coating saves energy for nerve signals but does not speed them up.
- People learn at two speeds: a quick, temporary shift and a slow, lasting habit for each situation.
- A planet's magnetic field left a fingerprint on its star's activity, seen from 18 years of light data.
- A stepped surface guides carbon layers to stack in a rare, highly ordered pattern.
- A computer model learned how the upper atmosphere remembers past sunlight before reacting fully.
- In mice, restoring a thymus hormone calmed inflamed immune cells and improved cancer treatment in old age.
- In monkeys, opening the brain's shield on one side made the opposite side work harder for oxygen.
- In a model, healthier diets by 2050 would cut global farm value by 1.6 trillion dollars.
- Body size, diet, and brain size predict extinction risk in large tropical mammals across scales.
- Children's science biographies often teach that talent and interest are fixed, not built through effort.
- Pregnancy problems like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes raise poor leg and arm blood flow risk decades later.
- In space telescope data, five massive stars show clear wind gas speeding away.
- In lab experiments, scientists captured a never-before-seen reactive gold-nitrogen chemical and watched it react in many ways.
- Squeezing matter under huge pressure while keeping it cold reveals mostly unexplored physics.
- In trees, some wood building genes stayed the same for 300 million years, others changed.
- No path exists to make all ammonia production pollution-free by 2050, a new model shows.
- New computer models predict which heart channel gene changes cause dangerous rhythm problems.
- In lab tests, a low-polarity liquid made clay let fluid through far faster than expected.
- A protein called ASB2 stops liver immune cells from storing extra fat, keeping them alive to fight tumors.
- Lowering one signal in cleanup cells reversed several signs of aging in mice.
- Drinking water after stress turns on a brain reward pathway that calms anxiety in mice.
- Desert dust pollution has risen sharply in Europe, especially in the south, and is linked to more deaths.
- Delaying brain support cell growth in young mice led to depression-like behavior in adulthood.
- HIV medicines during pregnancy blocked rat hearts from fully recovering after birth.
- A faster, chemical way to build cancer vaccine RNA worked as well as the slow standard method.
- A brain scan AI trained on real hospital data beat top general AI systems at reading scans.
- The dried up Aral Sea has released 204 million tons of carbon since 1960.
- Very few predator species evolved teeth that could both slice and crush well.
- Cells use natural glue molecules made from purines to control their own purine production.
- Genes tied to school success predict thinking skills more strongly as children grow older.
- Early complex life kept steadily splitting into new types through a 600 million year gap with almost no fossils.
- A new targeted drug shrank tumors in many patients with an aggressive, spreading eye cancer.
- AI speeds up writing papers, but checking them by hand makes publishing slower and pricier.
- Many hidden genetic controls of gene activity had not been found before.
- Earth's magnetic storms may be twice as strong as once believed, with no true limit.
- People judge a brand new game's fairness or fun by imagining just a few likely moves ahead.
- People hold a button longer when they feel less confident in their answer.
- Charge carriers in a doped conducting plastic are not all alike, but form a varied group.
- Cities with stronger links to other cities recover faster from extreme rainstorms.
- A steady, shape-keeping wave can travel through a chain of controlled atoms.
- Two separate signaling helpers inside cells can link up directly, not just work apart.
- Short pulses of light may reveal hidden pairing that was already there, not create new pairing.
- A natural brain rhythm limits how fast people can understand speech, and speeding it up helps.
- A faster lab method can measure dozens of designed binding proteins at once, in under a week.
- A new statistical test can show if custom treatments beat one-size-fits-all options.
- Roots can detect and steer away from rotting plant matter using acid signals in soil.
- A protective capsule delivered gut bacteria that healed inflamed intestines in mice.
- A giant 8 million dalton machine in methane making microbes forms one continuous electron loop.
- Two hunger related brain signals control whether ants care for baby ants or go find food instead.
- A new material makes a useful chemical from air, sunlight, and water alone.
- A quantum-classical method matched older chemistry calculations closely, using far less computing power.
- Having overlapping types of relationships changes how fast ideas, habits, or diseases spread between people.
- A new cell transplant for Parkinson's disease looked safe in a small early trial.
- A computer-designed metal recipe resists cracking better than any past version, while staying strong in extreme heat.
- Random, unsynced nucleus division plus crowding-based branching keeps nuclei evenly spaced in this fungus.
- One nerve connection in a worm uses three different channel proteins working together.
- A double-acting HIV antibody was safe and well tolerated in its first human trial.
- Most US lakes switched from trapping phosphorus to trapping nitrogen over ten years.
- Losing one gene lets lung cancer tumors resist chemotherapy, but blocking sugar uptake reverses this.
- Northern swallow populations shifted nesting earliest but still lost the most birds.
- Support cells in the brain first resist a tumor, then get killed, letting it grow fast.
- Where people naturally look matches how sharp and large their brain's face or word areas are.
- A common way to read the Paris climate goal could quietly allow more warming over time.
- Combining two immune drugs worked better than one drug against lung cancer that spread to the brain.
- Young children are kinder when they answer fast, but this fades as they grow up.
- Uneven atom layers make it easier for this material to flip its charge.
- A magnet based on orbital flow boosted a resistance effect 70 times more than a normal magnet.
- A new genetic letter swap made cells build more protein, faster, with fewer errors than the current method.
- Chemical clues in volcanic lava point to rock from Earth's first 100 million years still hiding deep underground.
- The new DNA test found a cause in 11 of 31 patients with no prior diagnosis.
- A chain of cell signals controls which shape mucinous colon cancer takes, and blocking key proteins can reverse it.
- A lab-built artificial energy system helped power a carbon-capturing chemical cycle outside living cells.
- Being worse at guessing original protein sequences made a model better at real design tasks.
- Blood pressure drugs lower heart risk quickly, and the benefit does not grow with more years of treatment.
- People whose immune cells reacted fastest and hardest were more likely to get sick from flu.
- A globally consistent, year by year map of human migration across 230 countries from 1990 to the present, reconstructed with deep learning.
- Dangerous heat stress has intensified across every continent since 1950, its geographic footprint is expanding, and the hottest nights are warming faster than the hottest days.
- Deep brain stimulation that decodes what a Parkinson’s patient is doing in real time and adapts to it improved walking while preserving control of other motor symptoms.
- Across 140 studies, social disadvantage is associated with faster biological ageing, and newer epigenetic clocks detect this far more sensitively than older ones.
- Direct signatures of superconducting vortices splitting into fractional pieces that assemble into a new type of topological defect, a chiral skyrmion.
- Alpine biodiversity is concentrated in tropical mountains and, unlike most life on Earth, shows no consistent decline with latitude.